Explain the process/stages of international agreements between countries? here is the explanation – In the world of diplomacy, this agreement plays an important role in maintaining good relations between countries. Starting from economic, political and environmental issues, everything can be regulated through international agreements.
However, do you know the process of forming this international agreement? Come on, let’s look at the explanation so that you understand more about the stages that countries must go through in making international agreements. Here’s the explanation!
Definition and Classification of International Agreements
An international treaty is an agreement made by two or more countries, which is governed by international law. This agreement can be a bilateral agreement (between two countries) or multilateral (between more than two countries). This agreement aims to regulate relations and cooperation in various fields such as economic, political, social, cultural and security.
In general, international agreements can be classified into several types. First, there is a treaty which is a formal and binding agreement. Second, conventions that are usually used for agreements in international conferences. Third, the protocol is an addition or attachment to an existing agreement.
Apart from that, there is also an agreement known as a memorandum of understanding (MoU). This MoU is more flexible and usually not legally binding, but still has important value in diplomacy between countries.
The Process of Forming International Agreements Between Countries
The process of forming international agreements between countries is not simple. There are several stages that must be passed so that an agreement can be agreed and legally recognized by the countries involved. This process involves several main stages such as negotiation, signing and ratification.
Each of these stages has different roles and procedures, but they all aim to ensure that the resulting agreement meets mutual interests and agreements. The following is a detailed explanation.
Consultation
The first stage is negotiation. At this stage, representatives from the countries involved gather to discuss the content and provisions of the agreement. These negotiations can take place over several meetings until all parties reach the desired agreement. This process is very important to ensure that all interests and needs of the countries involved are met.
Signing
After reaching an agreement in negotiations, the next stage is signing. Official representatives of the countries involved will sign the agreement document as a form of agreement to the contents of the agreement. This signing is usually carried out at an official event witnessed by the relevant parties.
Ratification
The final stage is ratification. At this stage, the signed agreement will be ratified by the legislative or executive institutions of each country. This ratification process aims to give legal force to the agreement so that it can be implemented and legally recognized by the countries involved.
Signing and Ratification of International Agreement Texts
After going through the stages of negotiation, signing and ratification, the process of signing and ratifying the text of an international agreement is a very important moment. This signing marks the final agreement of the countries involved, where all parties have agreed to the contents and provisions that have been formulated.
This process is usually accompanied by an official ceremony attended by the head of state or other high-ranking representatives. Apart from showing commitment to the agreement, this ceremony also aims to show the international community that these countries have reached a historic agreement.
After signing, the text of the agreement will be stored by the party appointed as the official custodian. This could be an international organization such as the UN or a specially designated country. Storing the text of the agreement aims to maintain the authenticity of the document and ensure that the agreement can be accessed by all interested parties.
The Influence of International Agreements on National Law
International treaties have a significant influence on a country’s national laws. When a country ratifies an international treaty, that country is obliged to adjust its national laws to conform to the terms of the treaty. This is done to ensure that the agreement can be implemented effectively at the national level.
This adjustment process can involve changing or establishing new laws that are in accordance with the contents of the agreement. Apart from that, the government also needs to ensure that the relevant institutions have the capacity to implement the provisions of the agreement. Effective implementation of international agreements can provide great benefits for countries, both from an economic, political and social perspective.
However, there are also challenges faced in implementing international agreements. Differences in legal and cultural systems between countries can become obstacles in implementing agreements. Therefore, cooperation and good communication between the countries involved is very necessary to overcome this challenge.
Indonesia’s Role in Making International Agreements
Indonesia plays an active role in making international agreements. As a country that has a strategic position and influence in the Southeast Asia region, Indonesia is often involved in various international agreements related to regional and global issues.
In its history, Indonesia has signed many international agreements covering various fields such as trade, environment, security and human rights. These agreements not only help strengthen Indonesia’s position in the international arena, but also provide direct benefits for national development.
The following are several examples of international agreements involving Indonesia:
| No. | Name of the Agreement | Year | Field |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) | 1982 | Law of the Sea |
| 2 | ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) | 1992 | Trade |
| 3 | Paris Agreement | 2016 | Environment |
FAQ
1. What is meant by an international agreement?
An international agreement is an agreement made by two or more countries and is regulated by international law. This agreement regulates various aspects of relations between countries such as economics, politics and security.
2. How do countries initiate international treaty negotiations?
International treaty negotiations begin with a meeting between representatives of the countries involved. They discuss the contents and terms of the agreement until they reach an agreement that satisfies all parties.
3. Why is ratification important in the international treaty process?
Ratification is important because it gives legal force to the signed agreement. Without ratification, the agreement does not have a strong legal basis and cannot be legally implemented.
4. What is the difference between treaties and conventions in international agreements?
Treaties are formal agreements that are legally binding, while conventions are usually used for agreements reached in international conferences and are also legally binding. Both have strong legal force but are used in different contexts.
5. How do international agreements affect a country’s national laws?
International treaties influence national law by requiring states to adapt their laws to conform to the provisions of the treaty. This could involve changing or establishing new laws to ensure effective implementation of the agreement.
Conclusion
The process of international agreements between countries involves several important stages that must be passed carefully. Starting from negotiation, signing, to ratification, each stage has a crucial role in ensuring that the resulting agreement can be accepted and implemented effectively by all parties involved.
By understanding this process, we can see how important diplomacy and international cooperation are in maintaining harmonious relations between countries. Apart from that, international agreements also play a major role in influencing national laws and state policies, so it is important for us to continue to monitor and understand developments in international agreements in the world.